Ugandan cuisine

Main dishes

Main dishes are usually centred on a sauce or stew of groundnuts, beans or meat. The starch traditionally comes from posho (maize meal) or matooke (steamed and mashed green banana) in the South, or an ugali-like dish made from millet in the North and East. Posho is cooked up into a thick porridge for breakfast.

For main meals, white maize flour is added to the saucepan and stirred into the posho until the consistency is firm. It is then turned out onto a serving plate and cut into individual slices (or served onto individual plates in the kitchen). Cassava, yam, and African sweet potato are also eaten; the more affluent include white (often called "Irish") potato and rice in their diets. Soybeans were promoted as a healthy food staple in the 1970s and this is also used, especially for breakfast. Chapati, an Asian flatbread, is also part of Ugandan cuisine.

Fruits and vegetables

Various leafy greens are grown in Uganda. These may be boiled in the stews, or served as side dishes in fancier homes. Amaranth (dodo), nakati, and borr are examples of regional greens. Fruits such as bananas and pineapples are plentiful and commonly consumed, whether cooked in foods or eaten alone as snacks or as a dessert.

Some traditional food names

Some traditional and historic Ugandan foods include:

• Posho or Kawunga - called Ugali in Kenya, it is usually made from maize but also other starches, regional names include kwon. Ugandan expatriates make posho from cornmeal, masa harina or grits. Kwon is a type of ugali made from millet (called kalo in western Uganda) but in other regions like eastern Uganda they include cassava flour.
• Groundnuts (peanuts) - groundnuts are a vital staple and groundnut sauce is probably the most commonly eaten one. They are eaten plain or mixed with smoked fish, smoked meat or mushrooms, and can also be mixed with greens such as borr.
• Sim-sim (sesame) - A staple particularly in the north, roasted sesame paste is mixed into a stew of beans or greens and served as a side dish, though sesame paste may also be served as a condiment; a candy is made from roasted sesame seeds with sugar or honey.
• Matooke - (green bananas but not plantain) boiled or steamed (mashed) cooked in or served with a sauce of peanuts, beans fresh fish or meat.
• Luwombo - A traditional dish from Uganda, in which a stew of chicken, beef, mushrooms or fish is steamed in banana leaves.
• Malewa - A traditional dish from eastern Uganda (Bugisu), made from bamboo shoots.
• Kikomando - A chapati that is cut into pieces and served with fried beans.

Snacks

• Roasted groundnuts (peanuts) - served in a spill of paper
• Samusa (samousa, sumbusa, samosa) - Indian samosas are highly assimilated into the local cuisine, as are chapati and curry
• Mugaati n'amaggi (bread and eggs) - Originally an Arab dish, it consists of wheat dough spread into a thin pancake, filled with minced meat and raw egg, and then folded into a neat parcel, which is fried on a skillet or hotplate.
• Nsenene - an unusual food item, which is a seasonal delicacy of a type of locust
• Nswaa - served similarly to nsenene, but made of white ants
• Rolex - a chapati filled with eggs, onions, cabbage or kale, and tomatoes, though minced meat is sometimes added

Desserts

• Fresh fruits - a common dessert
• Simsim - also very popular. They are sugar and sesame seeds.
• Mandazi - Swahili doughnut, usually spiced with cardamon
• Kabalagala - Banana pancakes, usually made from very ripe Ndizi

Beverages

Tea (chai) and coffee (kawa) are popular beverages and important cash crops. These can be served English-style or spiced (chai masala). Coca-Cola, Pepsi and Fanta have all made inroads in the Ugandan market and soft drinks have become very popular. Both traditional and Western beers are probably the most widely available alcoholic beverages across Uganda.

Pombe and lubisi are generic words for locally made fermented beer, usually from banana or millet. Fermented banana wine is also prepared and consumed. Tonto is a traditional fermented drink made from bananas.

Waragi is the generic term for distilled spirits and these also vary, see for example Uganda Waragi, a brand name for clear or yellow gin.

• Ugandan alcoholic beverages