New Zealand (Southern) Fur Seal

The New Zealand fur seal, known scientifically as *Arctocephalus forsteri* and referred to as "kekeno" in Māori, is a captivating marine mammal predominantly found in southern Australia and New Zealand. Despite some genetic differences, the fur seals in these regions are classified as the same species due to their strikingly similar appearance.

Historically, these seals were nearly driven to extinction by early settlers and commercial hunters. Fortunately, conservation efforts have facilitated their population recovery, although they continue to face numerous challenges.

New Zealand fur seals are distinguished by their unique features, such as external ears, rotating hind flippers, and whiskers. They exhibit sexual dimorphism, with males being significantly larger and heavier than females. Their diet consists of cephalopods, fish, and birds, and they are exceptional divers compared to other fur seal species. Communication among these seals primarily involves vocalizations, and their reproductive behaviors are quite unique, including delayed implantation of fertilized eggs and aggressive behaviors during birthing periods.

These seals typically inhabit the coastal waters and offshore islands of southern Australia and New Zealand. However, they are not without threats. Natural predators include killer whales, sharks, and New Zealand sea lions. Human activities also pose significant dangers, such as entanglement in fishing gear, shootings, and disturbances near their breeding grounds.

To protect these seals, both Australia and New Zealand have enacted legislation aimed at conservation. These laws help mitigate human-induced threats and safeguard their habitats.