Eastern (Golden-bellied) Water Rat

The rakali, also known as Hydromys chrysogaster, water-rat, or rabe, is a captivating native rodent of Australia, first described in 1804. These semiaquatic, nocturnal creatures inhabit burrows along the banks of rivers, lakes, and estuaries. They maintain a varied diet that includes aquatic insects, fish, crustaceans, mussels, snails, frogs, birds' eggs, and even water birds.

Rakali are expertly adapted to their aquatic environments. Their partially webbed hind legs facilitate swimming, while their waterproof fur keeps them dry. They possess a flattened head, a long blunt nose, whiskers, and small ears and eyes suited to their nocturnal existence.

In the past, rakali faced significant threats from hunting and being perceived as pests. Fortunately, protective measures introduced in 1938 have helped secure their populations. Today, these rodents are widespread across Australia, New Guinea, and nearby islands, thriving in various habitats from freshwater streams to coastal regions.

These carnivorous creatures can be quite territorial and aggressive, particularly in dense populations. They breed according to seasonal conditions, with females capable of reproducing from about one year old. Rakali construct burrows for nesting and sometimes repurpose artificial shelters in human-modified areas. Although they have a relatively low reproductive rate compared to other rodents, they can rapidly increase in numbers when conditions are favorable.

While rakali populations are generally stable across Australia, some local populations face challenges such as urbanization, habitat loss, and pollution. Conservation efforts focus on mitigating these specific threats to ensure the long-term survival of this unique Australian rodent.