Southern hairy-nosed wombat

The southern hairy-nosed wombat is one of three wombat species extant today, and it inhabits the semiarid scrub and mallee regions of Australia. As the smallest wombat species, it faces significant challenges during dry seasons, often resulting in the loss of its young. This remarkable creature is also the state animal of South Australia.

Physically, the southern hairy-nosed wombat is adapted for digging. It boasts a robust body, flattened claws, and five digits that facilitate burrowing. These wombats measure approximately 772 to 934 mm in length and weigh between 19 to 32 kg. Their fur, typically greyish or tan, is kept clean with the help of fused toes. Their diet consists mainly of native perennial grasses, sedges, and some introduced pasture plants.

They reside in burrows that are part of extensive networks called warrens, which feature multiple entrances and can accommodate up to 10 wombats. These burrows maintain a stable internal temperature ranging from 14°C to 26°C throughout the year. Southern hairy-nosed wombats are territorial and use scent to delineate their areas. They also have a complex social structure, with males establishing dominance hierarchies.

Breeding occurs following winter rains, with mating taking place underground. The gestation period is approximately 22 days, and most joeys are born in October. The young remain in the pouch for six months, begin grazing subsequent to this period, and are fully weaned by the time they are one year old. These wombats communicate through vocalizations and scents.

The southern hairy-nosed wombat is classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN. Its populations are fragmented, and it faces threats such as sarcoptic mange, competition with introduced herbivores, and severe habitat fragmentation. Although Indigenous people have traditionally hunted them for sustenance, their cultural significance has also driven conservation initiatives. However, they are sometimes regarded as pests by farmers due to their burrowing activity.

Competition with livestock and rabbits, habitat degradation, and overgrazing are significant threats to their survival. Conservation efforts are crucial to ensure the continued existence of these unique wombats.