Least flycatcher

The least flycatcher is a petite, insect-eating bird native to eastern North America and the tiniest member of the Empidonax flycatcher family in this region. Mitochondrial DNA analysis has intriguingly revealed significant differences between the least flycatcher and its closest relative, the Hammond's flycatcher.

Identifying the least flycatcher can be challenging due to its resemblance to other birds in its genus. It measures approximately 12 to 14 cm in length, has a wingspan of 19 to 22 cm, and weighs around 10.3 grams. Its feathers are dull olive-gray on the back and whitish on the belly. Distinguishing features include two white wing bars and white eye rings. Although its primary diet consists of insects, it also consumes berries.

During the breeding season, these birds inhabit deciduous or mixed forests, often near clearings or edges. In winter, they migrate to Central America. Notably vocal, males emit a sharp "che-bec" call, while females produce a "chweep" sound. They capture their insect prey mid-air or from vegetation.

In terms of nesting, least flycatchers prefer densely populated areas, valuing proximity to other birds over habitat quality. The female constructs the nest using a variety of materials, creating a cozy home for her three to five eggs. Both parents actively care for the young until they fledge. They are also highly territorial and defend their home vigorously.

Migration for these birds is staggered. Adult males head south first in the fall, followed by females and then the juveniles. They spend the winter in Central America and return to their breeding grounds between late April and mid-May. Adults wait until they reach their winter residences to molt, while juveniles begin molting before and during their fall migration.