Galapagos Fur Seal

The Galápagos fur seal, found exclusively in the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador, is the smallest species within the otariid family. Males are typically larger and heavier than females. These seals form colonies on rocky beaches for breeding from mid-August to mid-November. Female seals are dedicated caregivers, tending to one pup at a time—a critical role for the pup’s survival.

However, sibling rivalry can be intense due to delayed weaning and limited resources, leading to high mortality rates among the young. El Niño events exacerbate this issue by causing food shortages, which significantly impact pup survival. During the breeding season, male seals fiercely compete for territories.

Galápagos fur seals primarily feed on fish, squid, and shellfish found near the shore. However, during El Niño years, food scarcity leads to increased competition and higher pup mortality rates. Although predation by sharks and orcas is rare, it does occur.

Hunting was once a significant threat, but thanks to conservation efforts, it has been eradicated. Nonetheless, environmental changes, tourism, oil spills, and boat collisions continue to pose significant risks. Historically, the population has suffered due to poaching and El Niño events, but protective measures have been in place since the 19th century. Despite these past challenges, the population has stabilized since 1983.