Barberini ivory

The Barberini Ivory is a captivating artifact from the Byzantine era, currently exhibited at the Louvre in Paris. This ivory plaque, part of a diptych from Late Antiquity, features an emperor in a triumphant stance, dating back to the first half of the 6th century. Scholars have proposed that the figure could represent Emperor Justinian, Anastasius I, or Zeno. This piece is not merely a work of art but also a historical document, associated with Queen Brunhilda of Austrasia, who had a list of Frankish kings inscribed on its reverse side, highlighting the significant influence of queens in Frankish royalty.

The design of the ivory plaque is intricate and detailed. At its center, the emperor is depicted riding a rearing horse, surrounded by allegorical figures, angels, and vanquished barbarians presenting tribute. Measuring 34.2 cm in height and 26.8 cm in width, this piece is crafted from elephant ivory and was originally adorned with precious stones. It comprised five plaques, although one has since been replaced. The reverse side of the ivory holds later inscriptions, including prayers for the deceased and names of Frankish kings.

The history of the ivory's ownership is somewhat enigmatic. It was part of the Barberini collection in Rome in 1625 before being acquired by the Louvre in 1899. The iconography on the ivory blends themes of imperial power, Christian symbolism, and political propaganda, emphasizing the emperor's universal rule and divine favor. The central panel captures the emperor in a dynamic and victorious pose, while the surrounding panels depict scenes of tribute and conquest.

There has been considerable scholarly debate regarding the identity of the emperor depicted. Some scholars suggest it is Anastasius I, based on stylistic similarities with other artworks from the period. Others argue for Justinian, considering the imagery and historical context. The detailed craftsmanship and symbolic elements indicate that the work likely originated from a high-quality workshop, possibly in Constantinople or Alexandria, during Justinian's reign.