Sarma

Stuffed vine leaves

A vine leaf roll is a dish consisting of cooked grape-vine leaves wrapped around a variety of fillings. It is common to the cuisines of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, Palestine, and Iran, but is also known in the Balkans, especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria and Greece, where it may be served with mashed potatoes and yogurt.

Vine leaf rolls are called yaprak sarması (lit. 'leaf sarma') or yaprak dolması (lit. 'leaf dolma') in Turkey or dolma in Armenia and Greece, yarpaq dolması (lit. 'leaf dolma') in Azerbaijan, dolmades (ντολμάδες, sg. dolmas ντολμάς) in Greece, and dolme barg mo (دلمه برگ مو, lit. 'vine leaf dolma') in Iran and warak e’nab (ورق عنب) or warak dwali (ورق دوالي) in Arabic.

Stuffed vine leaves without meat are sometimes called yalancı dolma, which means "liar's dolma" in Turkish. Vişneli yalancı dolması is a variation of stuffed vine leaves where the rice is seasoned with cinnamon, allspice and mint. The dolmas are slowly cooked together with morello cherries (vişne), and plums may be used also. In a version from the Turkish chef Arda Türkmen, the rice is cooked in morello cherry juice with spices, sour pomegranate syrup (nar ekşisi), currants and toasted pine nuts.

Vine leaves may also be used to wrap stuffed celery root. Before wrapping, the celery root is stuffed with rice that has been seasoned with cinnamon, salt, pepper, allspice, pine nuts and sugar. (This type of rice is called iç pilav.) Dried fruits like fig and apricot may be added to the rice mixture before the celery root is stuffed, wrapped and baked in the oven. Some variations may include quince.

In Balkan countries, yaprak (Bosnian: japrak; from Turkish: yaprak, "leaf") is a generic name for meals made of grape (especially Sultana grape) leaves (a kind of kale), stuffed with meat (beef or lamb) and rice, or more rarely rice only. Meals are called as Yaprak Sarma or Yaprak Dolma. In Balkans broccoli leaves are sometimes used instead of grape leaves.

Stuffed chard leaves

Stuffed chard leaves are called pazı dolması in Turkey and dolmas de pazi by Sephardi Jews who settled in Argentina.

Sarma in Amasya and Tokat

In the Turkish provinces of Amasya and Tokat sarma is prepared in a style similar to maklouba, with different fillings. One version made with fava beans is called bakla sarma. The filling for this variant from Amasya is made with dried fava beans and a coarsely ground wheat called yarma. Tomato paste, water, sunflower oil, chopped onion, aleppo pepper and spices are added to complete the mixture. Bone-in lamb chops are tightly layered on the bottom of the pot and the wrapped sarma are added on top of the lamb. Butter is added on top and the sarma are cooked together with the lamb chops in water. The finished dish is served upside down. A similar variation from Tokat is stuffed with a lentil, bulgur and chickpea filling. Homemade red pepper paste may be substituted for some of the tomato paste.

In Romania and Moldova

In Romania and Moldova, sarmale is popular in all historical regions, Moldavia, Transylvania, and Wallachia. It usually consists of minced pork, rice, eggs, and spices (paprika, salt, black pepper) rolled in a cabbage leaf (usually whole sour cabbage) or vine leaves. It is typically accompanied by mămăligă (polenta) and smântână (sour cream).