Italian crested newt

The Italian crested newt, known scientifically as Triturus carnifex, is a captivating species within the Salamandridae family. These newts are indigenous to parts of the Balkans and Italy. As aquatic breeders, they spend up to four months in the water, favoring deeper bodies of water due to their nektonic nature, which allows them to swim freely without relying on currents. One reason they prefer ponds over larger bodies of water is the absence of predatory fish.

In northern Europe, adult Italian crested newts typically inhabit ponds in colder regions. Their migration patterns are influenced by changes in temperature and rainfall. Interestingly, newts found at higher altitudes tend to be larger, particularly the females. A larger body size in females is advantageous for reproduction, as it allows for the development of larger ovaries. Unfortunately, human activities such as habitat destruction and the introduction of fish into wetlands pose significant threats to these newts.

Physiologically, adult newts in the Triturus genus primarily respire through their skin, but they can also utilize their lungs and buccal cavity for breathing. Remarkably, they can adapt to anemia by breathing without the need for blood cells. Seasonal changes, such as the release of prolactin in winter, drive them into aquatic environments, influencing their behavior and physiology.

Regarding behavior and ecology, Triturus carnifex reproduces in deeper pond areas to minimize competition and is more active during nighttime. They have specific temperature preferences, with reproductive females regulating their body temperature more precisely. The species is sensitive to pollutants such as cadmium and nonylphenol, which can disrupt adrenal gland activity and impede hormone production crucial for stress response.