Typhleotris madagascariensis

Typhleotris madagascariensis is a unique, blind, and colorless fish found exclusively in Madagascar. A member of the Milyeringidae family, this captivating species inhabits the subterranean waters of the island's southwestern region and can grow up to 8 cm in length. These fish reside in the caves and sinkholes of the Mahafaly Plateau, where water temperatures range from 26 to 30 °C and pH levels are just above neutral.

While initially presumed endangered due to its limited habitat, recent studies have indicated that Typhleotris madagascariensis is fairly abundant in specific caves such as Andranoilove, Andriamaniloke, Lalia, and Mitoho. Curiously, in some of these locations, it coexists with another rarer species, Typhleotris mararybe. Typhleotris madagascariensis primarily sustains itself by feeding on various invertebrates.

Several of the limestone caves hosting these fish are safeguarded within Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, with Mitoho Grotto being a popular destination for tourists. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classified Typhleotris madagascariensis as Endangered. Nonetheless, further research is recommended to ascertain whether populations in different cave systems might represent distinct species. Should this prove true, it could lead to a reclassification as Critically Endangered due to the even more restricted range of each individual species.