White-crowned forktail

The white-crowned forktail is an intriguing bird from the Muscicapidae family, first described in 1818. This species is notable for being the largest forktail, measuring between 25 to 28 cm in length. It is easily identified by its striking black and white plumage and a prominent white crown atop its head. Generally shy, the white-crowned forktail prefers to remain near water, often observed foraging for invertebrates along riverbanks.

These birds have a breeding season that extends from March to September. They construct their nests from plant materials, usually placing them close to water sources. The white-crowned forktail can be found in diverse locations, including China, Southeast Asia, and parts of the Indian subcontinent. They thrive in subtropical or tropical moist lowland and montane forests, at elevations ranging from 185 to 2400 meters above sea level.

The white-crowned forktail was first described by French ornithologist Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot. There are six recognized subspecies, each with its own geographic range. This bird is closely related to the Bornean forktail, with some subspecies displaying distinct genetic differences.

Physically, these birds are remarkable for their size, unique plumage, and distinctive calls. They prefer habitats with fast-flowing rivers and dense forest cover across Asia, with some variation in elevation. Although the white-crowned forktail is relatively common, it is not extensively documented. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies it as a species of least concern, indicating that its population is currently stable.

Behaviorally, the white-crowned forktail is known for its characteristic tail-wagging and its habit of foraging for insects near water. During the breeding season, they construct cup-shaped nests close to water and lay between 2 to 5 eggs that can vary in color and markings. In some areas, these birds may have multiple broods within a single year.