Garam masala

Ingredients

The composition of garam masala differs regionally, with many recipes across the Indian subcontinent according to regional and personal taste, and none is considered more authentic than others. The components of the mix are toasted, then ground together.

A typical Indian version of garam masala contains (with Hindi names in parenthesis):

• Fennel (saunf)
• Black and white peppercorns (kali/safed mirch)
• Cloves (laung)
• Cinnamon or cassia bark (darchini)
• Mace (outer covering of nutmeg) (javitri)
• Black and green cardamom pods (elaichi)
• Cumin (jeera)
• Coriander (dhania)

Some recipes call for the spices to be blended with herbs, while others call for the spices to be ground with water, vinegar, or other liquids, to make a paste. In some recipes, ingredients including nuts, onions, or garlic may be added. Some recipes also call for small quantities of star anise, asafoetida, chili, stone flower (known as dagadphool), and kababchini (cubeb). The flavours may be carefully blended to achieve a balanced effect, or a single flavour may be emphasized. A masala may be toasted before use to release its flavours and aromas.