Elfin woods warbler

The Elfin Woods Warbler is a unique bird species endemic to Puerto Rico. It was first discovered in 1968 by Cameron and Angela Kepler and officially described in 1972. This bird, a member of the New World warbler family Parulidae, primarily feeds on small insects found on leaves in its habitat.

Since 1982, conservation efforts have been implemented to protect the Elfin Woods Warbler due to its small population and restricted habitat. The species faces numerous threats, including invasive species, habitat loss, and natural disasters.

Named in honor of Angela Kepler, one of its discoverers, the Elfin Woods Warbler is closely related to other warblers in the genus Setophaga. It has a predominantly black upper body with white patches, white underparts with black streaks, and distinctive markings on its head and tail feathers.

The breeding season for this bird spans from March to June. Both parents contribute to building the nest and feeding the chicks. Nests are typically located close to tree trunks within dry leaf litter. The warbler searches for insects in the middle canopy and often forages alongside other bird species. Its habitat ranges from high-elevation elfin forests to lower-elevation forests in Puerto Rico.

The conservation status of the Elfin Woods Warbler has been a concern, with population numbers fluctuating over the years. Major threats include predation and habitat destruction. Protection efforts have considered listing the species under the Endangered Species Act and involve regular population monitoring through bird counts.