Atlantic salmon

The Atlantic salmon, a member of the Salmonidae family, is the largest of the salmon species, often reaching lengths of up to a meter. Native to the northern Atlantic Ocean and its tributary rivers, most of these fish are anadromous. This means they hatch in freshwater, migrate to the sea to mature, and return to freshwater to spawn. However, some populations are landlocked, living their entire lives in freshwater lakes. Unlike some fish that spawn only once, Atlantic salmon are iteroparous, allowing them to spawn multiple times throughout their lives.

Scientifically known as Salmo salar—a name which likely means "resident of salt water"—Atlantic salmon undergo various life stages, each with its own designation. These fish are notable for their size, with some individuals achieving record lengths and weights. Their coloration changes as they grow, and they are particularly sensitive to shifts in water temperature and habitat destruction.

Atlantic salmon are found in rivers across Europe and the northeastern coast of North America. Unfortunately, human activities such as overfishing and habitat destruction have significantly impacted their populations. To address this, several countries have implemented conservation efforts, which have shown some success since the 2000s. Additionally, aquaculture techniques are employed to farm Atlantic salmon, though this practice has faced criticism from environmentalists concerned about farmed fish escaping and affecting wild populations.

The diet of Atlantic salmon changes with age, and adult salmon particularly favor capelin. Young salmon are territorial, and adults can exhibit significant aggression. Their anadromous migration pattern involves a period spent in saltwater for growth before returning to freshwater to spawn.

Efforts to restore and protect Atlantic salmon populations and their habitats are ongoing. Countries such as the UK, the US, and Canada have enacted legislation to regulate fishing practices and protect endangered populations. While the IUCN lists the Atlantic salmon as a species of least concern, certain populations are still considered endangered. Restocking programs and habitat restoration projects are showing promise in improving the status of Atlantic salmon in some regions.