Black-throated loon

The black-throated loon, also known as the Arctic loon or black-throated diver, is a captivating migratory bird located in the northern hemisphere. This aquatic species breeds in the freshwater lakes of northern Europe and Asia, migrating to ice-free coastal areas along the north-east Atlantic Ocean and the eastern and western Pacific Ocean for the winter.

First described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, the black-throated loon comprises two subspecies and was historically considered the same species as the Pacific loon. It is a relatively large bird, measuring about 70 cm in length and weighing between 1.3 to 3.4 kilograms. During the breeding season, its distinctive black throat differentiates it from the Pacific loon.

Breeding times can vary, but nests are generally located near breeding lakes or on emerging vegetation. The female typically lays a clutch of two brown-green eggs, which are incubated for 27 to 29 days. Once hatched, the chicks are fed a diet of small fish and invertebrates.

Despite a declining population, the black-throated loon is currently classified as "Least Concern" by the IUCN. They are protected under various conservation agreements and acts, supporting their continued survival.

In terms of classification, the black-throated loon belongs to the genus Gavia and has two subspecies: G. a. arctica and G. a. viridigularis. Known for their distinctive calls and unique breeding and feeding behaviors, these birds are apex predators in subarctic lakes, feeding on fish, insects, mollusks, and crustaceans. However, they do face threats from predators and parasites, including nematodes and various mammals.

Conservation efforts are essential for the black-throated loon as it confronts challenges such as acidification, pollution, oil spills, fishing nets, and wind farms. Despite these threats, the species maintains a large population and range, which contributes to its "Least Concern" status.