Boza

Boza, also known as bosa or bozo, is a cherished fermented beverage enjoyed in North Africa, Central and Western Asia, the Caucasus, and Southeast Europe. This malt drink is crafted by fermenting various grains such as maize, wheat, millet, or barley, depending on the regional preference. Boza is renowned for its thick consistency, low alcohol content, and slightly tangy, sweet taste.

The history of boza dates back to ancient times, with similar fermented cereal flour beverages being produced in regions such as Anatolia and Mesopotamia. It gained widespread popularity among the Turkic peoples of Central Asia in the 10th century, eventually spreading to the Caucasus and the Balkans. Boza thrived during the Ottoman Empire, although it occasionally faced bans due to concerns about opium-laced versions and its alcohol content. Despite these restrictions, boza remained a favorite, especially among the Janissaries, the elite soldiers of the Ottoman army.

The production of boza varies by region, with different cereals used to create distinct flavors. It typically contains sugars, proteins, and fats. Traditionally, boza was not sold in the hot summer months to prevent spoilage; however, with modern refrigeration, it is now available year-round in some areas.

Boza has also made its way into popular culture. In Orhan Pamuk's novel "A Strangeness in My Mind" the main character is a boza vendor, underscoring the drink's cultural significance. Around the world, similar beverages to boza exist—low-alcohol and lacto-fermented—illustrating the universal appeal of this unique drink.