Atheris squamigera

The Atheris squamigera, also known as the green bush viper, variable bush viper, or tree viper, is a venomous snake indigenous to West and Central Africa. These vipers typically measure between 46 to 60 centimeters in length, with females generally larger than males. They are easily identifiable by their broad, flat heads, large mouths, and keeled scales. Their coloration can vary widely, including shades of green, yellow, or reddish, often accented with light-colored keels and crossbands on their scales.

These snakes inhabit rainforests across countries such as Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Kenya. They tend to favor low, dense bushes within these forests as their preferred habitat.

Breeding Atheris squamigera in captivity is feasible but requires maintaining high humidity levels. Captive breeding has been successful, with newborns, known as neonates, initially displaying a dark olive color that gradually changes as they mature.

The venom of the Atheris squamigera can cause severe hematological issues and has been known to be fatal. Unfortunately, there is no specific antivenom for bites from this species. However, antivenom developed for the Echis genus has shown partial effectiveness in treating bites.

In terms of classification, Atheris squamigera has been described with subspecies such as A. squamigera squamigera and A. squamigera robusta. Additionally, some specimens from Congo have been considered a separate species, A. laeviceps, due to unique characteristics like smaller head scales and a yellow coloration.