Grant's gazelle

Grant's gazelle, known locally in Swahili as "swala granti" is an elegant species found across East Africa, ranging from northern Tanzania to South Sudan, Ethiopia, and from the Kenyan coast to Lake Victoria. This gazelle is named after Lt. Col. Grant, a British explorer from the 19th century. Closely related to Soemmerring's gazelle and Thomson's gazelle, Grant's gazelle exhibits significant genetic variation, likely due to habitat changes during the late Pleistocene era.

Previously classified under the genus Gazella within the subgenus Nanger, Grant’s gazelle is now recognized under the separate genus Nanger. Several subspecies exist, each with distinct physical characteristics.

Grant's gazelles are medium-sized, with females weighing between 35 and 50 kg and males between 50 and 80 kg. They possess a beige-orange coat on their backs and have white bellies. They can be distinguished from Thomson's gazelle by their larger size and lyre-shaped horns. Preferring open grass plains and shrublands, these gazelles avoid areas with tall grass. They are well-adapted to arid environments, often depending on browsing and leafy plants for hydration during dry periods. As migratory animals, Grant's gazelles coexist with other ungulates and graze in regions devoid of water sources.

Predators such as cheetahs, wild dogs, and humans pose significant threats to Grant's gazelles. These gazelles are social and territorial; males establish territories and herd females during their estrus period. Young and non-territorial males form bachelor groups. As mixed feeders, Grant's gazelles consume both browse and grass, with their diet influenced by rainfall patterns. They reach reproductive maturity at around 18 months, with a peak birthing period from January to February.

Despite their adaptability, Grant's gazelles face threats from habitat destruction and poaching. Conservation efforts are crucial in national parks and reserves where they reside. Current population estimates range from 140,000 to 350,000, although the overall trend is declining.