Orsini's Viper

The Vipera ursinii, commonly known as the meadow viper, Ursini’s viper, or meadow adder, is a venomous snake distinguished by several fascinating traits and a diverse range of habitats. This species is found from southeastern France to as far east as China and comprises several recognized subspecies. The species name "ursinii" pays homage to the Italian naturalist Antonio Orsini.

Adult meadow vipers typically measure between 40-50 cm in length, with females usually being larger than males. These vipers are noted for their robust bodies, slender heads, and rugged appearance.

Geographically, the meadow viper's range extends from France to China, encompassing countries such as Italy, Serbia, Greece, and Russia. Despite this wide distribution, the species is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. This vulnerable status is primarily due to habitat destruction, climate change, and collection for the pet trade. Moreover, the meadow viper is included in CITES Appendix I and is strictly protected under the Berne Convention.

The conservation of Vipera ursinii is threatened by various human activities, such as grazing, agriculture, and illegal collection. The taxonomic classification of this species remains a subject of debate among scientists, with some recognizing up to six distinct subspecies.