Huemal

The South Andean deer, also known as the southern guemal, Chilean huemul, or güemul, is an endangered species native to the mountainous regions of Argentina and Chile. Belonging to the Hippocamelus genus, these deer thrive in the high mountain slopes and cold valleys of the Andes. Although researchers have extensively studied their physical traits, behavior, diet, and habitat, there is growing concern over their diminishing numbers.

Physically, the South Andean deer is well-adapted to rugged terrain with a stocky body and short legs. Its coat varies from brown to greyish-brown, fading to white on the undersides and throat. Only the males sport antlers and a distinctive black "face mask." These deer typically form mixed-sex groups, with the size of these groups often depending on their proximity to rocky slopes.

Unfortunately, the South Andean deer faces numerous threats, including habitat loss due to economic activities and competition from invasive species. Conservation efforts are crucial. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists this deer as "Endangered" due to significant population declines and fragmented habitats.

In response, Argentina and Chile have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) under the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals. This agreement aims to improve the conservation status of the South Andean Huemul through close cross-border cooperation. The MoU includes measures to combat illegal hunting, habitat degradation, and other threats.

The agreement outlines a bilateral Action Plan, population monitoring, scientific data sharing, and public awareness campaigns about the deer’s plight. Both countries are committed to working together to protect the South Andean Huemul and prevent its extinction. They meet annually to assess progress and plan future conservation strategies.

Both Argentina and Chile have already launched various conservation initiatives, including monitoring programs, research projects, public awareness campaigns, and habitat management efforts. These activities aim to preserve the deer's habitat, mitigate threats, and support population recovery. The ultimate goal is to ensure the South Andean deer’s survival and halt any further population decline.