Domestic guineafowl

Domestic guineafowl, also known as pintades, pearl hens, or gleanies, are intriguing birds native to Africa. These birds are the domesticated form of the helmeted guineafowl and share familial ties with other game birds such as pheasants, turkeys, and partridges. Although the exact timeline of their domestication is ambiguous, historical records indicate they were present in Greece by the 5th century BC.

Guineafowl lay approximately 25-30 eggs in deep, tapered nests. The eggs are small, dark, and possess thick, robust shells. Interestingly, the hens often conceal their nests and sometimes share them with other hens, leading to a substantial accumulation of eggs. The incubation period for these eggs ranges from 26 to 28 days, and the chicks, known as "keets" are particularly vulnerable to damp conditions in their early days but grow increasingly resilient as they mature.

Distinguishing between male and female guineafowl can be challenging. However, adult males typically exhibit larger helmets and wattles and emit a one-note call, whereas females produce a distinctive two-note call. These birds are highly esteemed for their ability to control pests, especially deer ticks and wasps. Moreover, their loud, high-pitched calls serve as effective natural alarms against birds of prey.

Domestic guineafowl display a variety of colors beyond the common "pearl" coloration of the helmeted guinea. Some additional color variations include white, purple, slate, chocolate, lavender, coral blue, bronze, pewter, buff dundotte, blonde, and pied. When it comes to culinary use, guineafowl can be prepared similarly to chicken and are renowned for their flavorful meat. They are often showcased in special dishes in French and Italian cuisine, making them a popular choice for festive occasions.