Iguana

Iguanas are captivating herbivorous lizards native to the tropical regions of Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. The genus Iguana was first described in 1768 by Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti. Within this genus, there are three species: the well-known green iguana, the Lesser Antillean iguana, and the Saban black iguana. Unfortunately, the latter two species are endangered.

The name "iguana" originates from the Taino word "iwana." These creatures possess several unique features. Notably, they have excellent vision, a three-chambered heart, and specialized muscles that enable quick, sudden movements. They also have a parietal eye (a sort of "third eye" on top of their heads) and a skull structure well-suited for their herbivorous diet.

Regarding reproduction, male iguanas have two hemipenes (essentially, two reproductive organs), and females have the ability to store sperm for extended periods. They typically mate during the dry season, with females staking out territories and males competing for their attention. Once the eggs are laid, there is minimal parental care, as iguanas follow an r-strategy reproduction pattern, producing many offspring but investing little in their upbringing.

Phylogenetic studies place iguanas in the subclade Iguania. They exhibit distinctive traits such as identifying prey by sight and employing ambush tactics to hunt.

There are several species within the genus Iguana, though the classification of some species and subspecies remains debated. Historically, iguanas have served as a food source in regions such as Mexico, Central America, the United States, and Puerto Rico. In some Latin American countries, iguana meat and eggs remain part of traditional cuisine.