Hairy-legged vampire bat

The hairy-legged vampire bat, scientifically known as Diphylla ecaudata, is one of the three species of vampire bats. While it predominantly feeds on the blood of wild birds, it is not selective and can also target domestic birds and even humans. This bat inhabits the tropical and subtropical forests of South America, Central America, and southern Mexico. It is the sole species within its genus, Diphylla.

German biologist Johann Baptist von Spix first described this bat in 1823. There are two recognized subspecies: Diphylla ecaudata centralis and Diphylla ecaudata ecaudata. The former ranges from western Panama to Mexico, while the latter is found from Brazil and eastern Peru to eastern Panama.

Although the hairy-legged vampire bat may initially resemble the common vampire bat, it has distinct characteristics. It features broad, short ears, a thumb devoid of pads, and large, lustrous eyes. Additionally, it boasts 26 teeth, compared to the common vampire bat's 18, and has a smaller brain. Lacking a tail, it exhibits dark brown fur on its back and lighter fur on its belly. The bat weighs between 24 and 43 grams, with a body length (including the head) of 75-93 mm.

Regarding reproduction, these bats can become pregnant at any time of the year, with a gestation period of approximately 5.5 months, typically resulting in a single offspring. The mothers are highly nurturing and will even care for pups that are not their own. They are nocturnal creatures, seeking shelter during the day and emerging at night to feed on birds, mammals, and occasionally humans.

Geographically, the hairy-legged vampire bat is widely distributed across Central and South America, with sightings in numerous countries. Although it can be a carrier of rabies, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies it as a species of least concern. This classification is due to its extensive range, adaptability to different environments, and stable population.

In captivity, these bats remain healthy by being provided with live hens for feeding.