Taman Sari, Yogyakarta

Taman Sari, also known as the Water Castle, is a historical site nestled within the royal city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This complex was once a royal garden of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, built in the mid-18th century during the reign of Sultan Hamengkubuwono I. The site is a stunning example of Javanese palace architecture, combining elements of local building traditions with Portuguese and Dutch influences.

The Taman Sari complex spans approximately 10 hectares and is located just southwest of the Kraton, the Sultan's main palace. It was originally designed for multiple purposes, including a resting area, a workshop, a meditation area, a defense area, and a hiding place. Today, it is best known for its elaborate bathing pools, underground tunnels, and intricate water systems that once served the royal family and their guests.

One of the main features of Taman Sari is the bathing complex, which is divided into two areas: a large swimming area for the Sultan and his entourage, and a more secluded one for the Sultan's concubines. The architecture around these pools is characterized by its rich ornamentation and the use of open-air, pavilion-like structures called 'pendopo'.

Beyond the bathing areas, the complex includes the remains of water gardens, artificial lakes, and islands, such as Kenongo Island and Sumur Gumuling. Sumur Gumuling was originally a mosque for the Sultan and his family, featuring an underground mosque and a unique acoustic room.

Despite its beauty and historical significance, Taman Sari has faced challenges over the years, including earthquake damage and the pressures of urban development. Restoration efforts have been undertaken to preserve its structures, although not all original features have survived.

Visitors to Taman Sari can explore the remnants of this once extensive pleasure garden, and guides are often available to provide insights into its rich history. The site is open to the public every day, offering a glimpse into the sultanate's past and an opportunity to appreciate the complex's architectural beauty.