Fonthill Vase

The Fonthill Vase, also known as the Gaignières-Fonthill Vase, is a remarkable artifact of historical significance. This bluish-white Qingbai Chinese porcelain vase, crafted between 1300 and 1340 AD, is recognized as the earliest documented Chinese porcelain to reach Europe. Manufactured in Jingdezhen, China, it represents the concluding phase of Qingbai ware production before the transition to the renowned blue and white porcelain. The vase is adorned with intricate relief decorations within its medallions, all under the characteristic Qingbai glaze.

Today, the vase is proudly displayed at the National Museum of Ireland, but it boasts a captivating provenance. Originally owned by Louis the Great of Hungary, it was gifted to Charles III of Naples in 1381 after being converted into an ewer with silver mounts. Over the centuries, it passed through the hands of several prominent figures, including the duc de Berry and the Grand Dauphin. By the late 17th century, François Lefebvre de Caumartin possessed it, and it was depicted in a watercolor by François Roger de Gaignières in 1713. The vase later captivated William Beckford, who acquired it for Fonthill Abbey. After Beckford’s ownership, it was sold to John Farquhar in 1822. The vase resurfaced in 1882, devoid of its silver mounts, and was subsequently purchased by the National Museum of Ireland.

Interestingly, a similar Chinese porcelain vase was found in the collection of Jean, duc de Berry, upon his death in 1416, indicating that the Gaignières-Fonthill Vase was not unique. These vases are significant as they underscore the cultural exchanges between China and Europe during the Medieval period, influencing Western art, as seen in the works of artists like Giotto and his contemporaries.