Samhain

Samhain is a Gaelic festival that marks the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter. Celebrated from October 31 to November 1, it holds significant cultural importance in Gaelic traditions, representing a period when the boundary between our world and the Otherworld is believed to be thin. Alongside Imbolc, Bealtaine, and Lughnasadh, Samhain is one of the four principal Gaelic seasonal festivals. Rooted in Celtic paganism, it has been historically observed in Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man, and is closely linked to notable events in Irish mythology.

Traditionally, Samhain rituals included bonfires, divination, and offerings to spirits or fairies known as the Aos Sí. It was believed that during this time, the spirits of the dead would return to visit their homes, seeking hospitality. People also participated in mumming and guising, going door-to-door in costumes or disguises, reciting verses in exchange for food. Divination practices using nuts, apples, and other objects were common during Samhain.

In the 9th century, the Christian church moved All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day to November 1 and 2, respectively, blending elements of Samhain with these Christian observances. Over time, this merging gave rise to the modern Halloween. Scholars have used the term 'Samhain' to describe Gaelic Halloween customs up until the 19th century.

Today, Celtic neopagans and Wiccans celebrate Samhain as a religious holiday, typically on or around October 31. In the Southern Hemisphere, it is observed around May 1. Many traditions and customs associated with Samhain, such as bonfires, divination rituals, and honoring the dead, are still practiced by those interested in Celtic spirituality.

Samhain has significantly influenced modern Halloween customs and remains an important part of Celtic neopagan and Wiccan traditions. It is a time to honor ancestors, connect with spirits, and mark the changing seasons, reflecting ancient Celtic beliefs and practices.