Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga

The "Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga" often abbreviated as "Chōjū-giga" is a renowned set of four picture scrolls housed at Kōzan-ji temple in Kyoto, Japan. Known as the "Scrolls of Frolicking Animals" these works are considered the oldest form of manga and are traditionally read from right to left. They depict animals engaging in human-like activities such as bathing, playing, wrestling, and even participating in ceremonies.

Attributed to Toba Sōjō, these scrolls are regarded as a national treasure. They are currently preserved by the Kyoto National Museum and the Tokyo National Museum. The scrolls are rendered in a linear monochrome style that has profoundly influenced Japanese painting. The first scroll is the most well-known, featuring playful and satirical scenes of animals behaving like people.

The "Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga" has inspired many publications and adaptations. For instance, Geijutsuhiroba has released several books based on these scrolls. There is some debate about whether these scrolls are truly the first manga, with some scholars pointing to the "Shigisan-engi" scrolls as another possibility. Regardless, the artistic and cultural significance of the "Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga" is indisputable.

Dating back to the 12th and 13th centuries, these scrolls reflect the artistic zeitgeist of their time. Their playful and satirical drawings, featuring animals in monk attire, uniquely blend native wit with artistic tradition. The scrolls have left a lasting impact on Japanese art and culture, influencing not only manga but also animated films.

Despite debates over their status as the first manga, the "Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga" continues to be celebrated for its artistic merit and historical significance. Embraced by popular culture and revered as a cultural treasure, these scrolls are a testament to the creativity and innovation of ancient Japanese artists.