Nile tilapia

The Nile tilapia, also known as mango fish, nilotica, or boulti, is a species of tilapia fish native to Africa and Israel. These fish have spread to various parts of the world, sometimes disrupting local ecosystems. They can grow up to 60 cm in length and weigh as much as 5 kg, with males typically being larger and growing faster than females. Nile tilapia can live for over a decade.

This species thrives in a variety of freshwater environments, such as rivers, lakes, and ponds, from sea level up to 1,830 meters in altitude. They can tolerate a wide range of temperatures from 8 to 42°C, though they prefer to breed at around 24°C. Due to their adaptability, Nile tilapia have been introduced to many countries, where they often outcompete native species.

Nile tilapia primarily feed on plants, such as phytoplankton and algae, but they can also consume insect larvae. They form social hierarchies, with dominant males having priority access to food and mates. During reproduction, males create nests for mass spawning, and females care for the eggs and young by mouthbrooding.

In aquaculture, Nile tilapia have been farmed for thousands of years, with modern techniques focusing on breeds that grow quickly and have desirable flesh colors. They are a popular choice in many cuisines around the world, including those of Thailand, Egypt, the United States, and India.