Common kestrel

The common kestrel, also known as the European kestrel, Eurasian kestrel, or Old World kestrel, is a captivating bird of prey from the falcon family, Falconidae. These birds inhabit vast regions across Europe, Asia, and Africa, and have occasionally been spotted in North America. Compared to other raptors, common kestrels are relatively small, possessing distinctive light chestnut-brown plumage and long, angular wings. A noteworthy characteristic is the sexual dimorphism observed in this species; males have fewer black spots and streaks compared to females.

Common kestrels are diurnal hunters, favoring open landscapes such as fields, heaths, and marshlands. They exhibit remarkable adaptability and can often be found in proximity to human settlements. Their primary diet consists of small mammals such as voles, shrews, and mice. However, they are opportunistic feeders and will also consume small birds, insects, and other diminutive creatures. Their hunting techniques are intriguing; they often hover in mid-air or perch silently to spot their prey.

Breeding season for common kestrels occurs in the spring. They prefer to nest in cavities found in cliffs, trees, or even in buildings. Typically, the female incubates the eggs while the male provides food. Clutches usually consist of 3 to 7 eggs, which hatch after approximately four weeks. The chicks fledge between four to five weeks of age and spend some time honing their hunting skills with the guidance of their parents. Unfortunately, many common kestrels do not survive past their first year.

From an evolutionary standpoint, the common kestrel belongs to a group of kestrel species distinguished by black malar stripes. They are closely related to species such as the nankeen kestrel and rock kestrel. Various subspecies of the common kestrel exhibit subtle differences in plumage and geographic distribution. During the Quaternary glaciation, European common kestrels were slightly different in size compared to contemporary birds.

Currently, the global population of common kestrels is estimated to be between 1 to 2 million pairs. Although their numbers can fluctuate, the overall population is generally stable and they are not considered threatened. Nevertheless, some regions have recorded declines in their populations. Common kestrels play a vital role in their ecosystems, primarily by regulating rodent populations.