Common Lancehead

The Bothrops atrox, commonly referred to as the common lancehead, fer-de-lance, barba amarilla, and mapepire balsain, is a highly venomous pit viper inhabiting the tropical lowlands of northern South America, particularly east of the Andes. There is ongoing debate among herpetologists regarding its classification and whether it should encompass related species.

These terrestrial snakes generally grow to about 75-125 cm, with some individuals reported to be even longer. Their coloration and scale patterns can vary significantly. They typically prey on small mammals, birds, frogs, lizards, and even tarantulas.

Bothrops atrox can be found in countries such as Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Panama, Bolivia, and Brazil. Despite ongoing habitat destruction, this species remains common and is not currently endangered. While primarily terrestrial, they are also capable swimmers and climbers. These snakes are mostly nocturnal.

In terms of reproduction, female Bothrops atrox give birth to live young, with litters reaching up to 80 offspring, though the average size is about 60. The gestation period lasts approximately three to four months.

Their venom is exceedingly potent and primarily hemotoxic, affecting the circulatory and nervous systems. Bites can result in severe symptoms such as nausea, blackouts, paralysis, and memory loss. However, with prompt medical intervention, recovery is achievable. Interestingly, their venom has medical applications as well; for instance, an enzyme called reptilase (or batroxobin) derived from it is used in blood coagulation tests.