Castelo de Guimarães, Guimarães

Perched atop a hill in the northern Portuguese city of Guimarães, the Castelo de Guimarães is a fortress that stands as a monument to the country's storied past. Often referred to as the birthplace of Portugal, this medieval castle is deeply woven into the nation's history.

Originally constructed in the 10th century, during the reign of Mumadona Dias, a powerful countess of the region, the castle was built to protect the local population from invasions. Over the centuries, it underwent various expansions and renovations, most notably in the 12th century under the guidance of Afonso Henriques, who would later become the first King of Portugal.

The Castelo de Guimarães is a prime example of military architecture from the Middle Ages, with its robust battlements, imposing square keep, and ten crenellated towers that offer commanding views of the surrounding landscape. The walls that once echoed with the clashing of swords now stand silent, inviting visitors to ponder the events that unfolded within them.

The castle gained further historical significance when it became associated with the foundation of the Portuguese nation in the 12th century. It is said that Afonso Henriques declared independence from the Kingdom of León at this very site, a pivotal moment in the creation of Portugal as a sovereign state.

Recognized as a National Monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Castelo de Guimarães is a cultural treasure that offers a glimpse into Portugal's formative years. Tourists can explore the castle's interior, including the keep, and climb the ramparts for a panoramic view of Guimarães, often referred to as the "Cradle City."