Eurasian brown bear

The Eurasian brown bear, a well-known subspecies of the brown bear, roams across much of Eurasia and is recognized by various local names. Researchers have extensively studied the genetic diversity of these bears, identifying five main genetic groups through mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis. With their characteristic brown fur, these bears exhibit significant variation in color, size, and weight. Typically, males weigh between 250 and 300 kg, while females are slightly smaller, ranging from 150 to 250 kg. In the wild, they can live for approximately 20 to 30 years.

Historically, brown bears inhabited Britain and were even used in Roman arenas for fighting. Over time, their diet has evolved, reflecting a notable decrease in meat consumption as their habitats have diminished. Although bear attacks are rare in Scandinavia, there have been tragic incidents, such as a fatal attack in Romania in 2019.

Fossil records suggest that the Eurasian brown bear has existed for about 500,000 years, having survived the Pleistocene ice age in specific parts of Europe. Genetic studies have identified distinct lineages in various geographic regions, with the Scandinavian population tracing its roots back to southern Europe following the last ice age.

Today, the range of the brown bear is more limited compared to historical times. Despite being classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, local populations face numerous threats. These bears can still be found in several European countries, with Russia harboring the largest population. They also inhabit parts of Central Asia and isolated areas in countries like Iran, Afghanistan, and Japan.

Culturally, the Eurasian brown bear has made a lasting impact, influencing place names and personal names. They hold a prominent place in European folklore and are symbolically significant in nations such as Russia, Finland, and Croatia. The Eurasian brown bear remains an important and iconic species in the regions it inhabits.