Channa striata

Channa striata, commonly known as the striped snakehead, is a captivating fish native to South and Southeast Asia and has even spread to some Pacific Islands. A 2017 genetic study revealed that what was previously considered a single species is actually a complex group of closely related species.

These fish can grow up to a meter in length, although they are typically smaller due to fishing pressures. They hold significant value as a food source in many Asian countries. Adult striped snakeheads are dark brown with faint black stripes. Both males and females play an active role in nest-building and guarding their eggs during the breeding season. They generally inhabit freshwater plains, where they feed on frogs, water bugs, and smaller fish.

The striped snakehead is known by various names in different Asian languages and holds a special place in local culinary traditions. It is a popular ingredient in dishes from regions such as Kerala, Indonesia, the Philippines, Bangladesh, West Bengal, and Thailand. In Thai cuisine, for instance, you might find it grilled or fermented into sauces.

The immune system of Channa striata is crucial for combating pathogens that cause diseases like epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS). Infections from bacteria, fungi, and viruses can impede their growth or even result in death. To protect against these threats, the fish rely on their innate immune system, which includes molecules such as chemokines, chemokine receptors, thioredoxin, and superoxide dismutase.