Coregonus vandesius

The vendace, or *Coregonus vandesius*, is a species of freshwater whitefish found in the United Kingdom. Unfortunately, since the 1960s, surveys have indicated a steady decline in their population, with the species disappearing from several of its traditional habitats. However, if you are keen on spotting them, you still have the chance to see them in Bassenthwaite Lake and Derwent Water.

So, what exactly is driving their decline? The primary culprits are eutrophication—when water bodies become overly enriched with nutrients, leading to excessive plant growth and subsequent oxygen depletion—and the introduction of non-native fish species that prey on vendace eggs and juveniles. Due to these threats, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classified the vendace as "endangered."

There is some scientific debate regarding the vendace's classification. Some researchers believe it is merely a variant of *Coregonus albula*, a whitefish widespread across Northern Europe. The name "vendace" has an intriguing etymology, originating from the Scots word "vengis" and tracing back through New Latin and Middle French, possibly even having Celtic roots.

Vendace favor deep, cold lakes and primarily feed on tiny crustaceans like copepods. They are not migratory, tending to remain in one location, and have a lifespan of about six years, making them Britain’s rarest fish.

Historically, in Britain, vendace inhabited four locations: Bassenthwaite Lake and Derwent Water in the Lake District, and Castle Loch and Mill Loch in Lochmaben, Scotland. Sadly, they were believed to have vanished from all these sites except Derwent Water, mainly due to pollution and invasive fish species. However, there has been some success with conservation efforts, such as the introduction of vendace to Loch Skeen in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.

Given their limited range and the ongoing threats they face, the conservation status of the vendace is indeed concerning. Nonetheless, there is hope. Efforts are being made to restore their habitats and consider reintroducing vendace to Bassenthwaite Lake. Let’s keep our fingers crossed for these little fish!