Lycaena phlaeas

The "Lycaena phlaeas" commonly known as the small copper, American copper, or common copper, is an enchanting butterfly belonging to the Lycaenidae family. The name "phlaeas" may originate from the Greek word "phlego" meaning "to burn up" or the Latin word "floreo" meaning "to flourish." This butterfly is readily identifiable by its vibrant orange forewings, adorned with black spots and dark edges, contrasted with dark hindwings bordered by a band of orange. Female butterflies might also display blue spots within this orange border.

These butterflies are found in diverse regions, ranging from Europe and Asia to North America and North Africa, and extending as far south as Ethiopia. They inhabit various environments such as chalk downs, heathlands, woodland clearings, and even urban wastelands. On sunny days, these butterflies are particularly active. Males are known to defend their small territories, often engaging in mating activities amidst the vegetation.

The life cycle of the "Lycaena phlaeas" begins with the female laying eggs on the leaves of their host plants. The caterpillars then feed on the undersides of these leaves. When ready to pupate, they do so within the leaf litter. There are typically two to three broods per year, and the species overwinters as caterpillars. Their preferred host plants are common sorrel and sheep's sorrel, although they occasionally feed on other species of dock (Rumex).

There are several subspecies of this butterfly, each adapted to different regions around the world. This wide distribution and the butterfly's diverse habitat preferences make the small copper a captivating subject for anyone interested in entomology and biodiversity.