South Asian river dolphin

The South Asian river dolphin is a remarkable yet endangered freshwater species found in the rivers of the Indian subcontinent. It comprises two subspecies: the Ganges river dolphin and the Indus river dolphin. Initially thought to be separate species, they are now classified as subspecies of the single species Platanista.

These dolphins exhibit several unique characteristics. They rely on echolocation for navigation and hunting in the murky waters that they inhabit, given their poor eyesight, an adaptation to their environment. They possess a long, pointed snout, a brownish coloration, and a small dorsal hump. Their diet primarily includes shrimp and fish, though they occasionally feed on birds and turtles. They are also known for their distinctive vocalizations, which include echolocation clicks and other sounds.

The Ganges river dolphin is designated as the National Aquatic Animal of India, while the Indus river dolphin holds the status of National Mammal of Pakistan.

Unfortunately, these dolphins are threatened by numerous human activities. They often become entangled in fishing nets, are hunted for their oil and meat, and suffer from water pollution and habitat destruction due to dam construction. To combat these threats, various conservation efforts have been implemented. These include legal protections, population assessments, and the establishment of dolphin sanctuaries. They are listed as endangered, and international trade involving these dolphins is prohibited.