European chub

The Squalius cephalus, commonly known as the common chub, European chub, or simply chub, is a freshwater fish native to Europe. These fish inhabit a variety of water bodies, ranging from slow-moving and moderate rivers to canals and still waters. They have a distinctive appearance with a stocky body, a large rounded head, and greenish-brown scales accented with black bands. Their dorsal fin is greyish-green, while their other fins are a vibrant orange-red. Chub can grow up to 60 cm in length, although most are around 30 cm.

The chub is widespread across northern Eurasia, found in rivers that flow into the North and Baltic Seas, as well as those in the Mediterranean basin. They prefer small rivers and large streams, especially in areas featuring riffles and pools. Chub are known to migrate into inflowing streams for spawning. Juvenile chub are quite social, forming groups, while adults tend to be solitary. Their diet is varied, consisting of freshwater shrimp, small fish, crustaceans, and even berries hanging over the water.

Spawning for chub takes place in fast-flowing water over gravelly areas when the water temperature reaches 14°C. Females lay sticky eggs that adhere to surfaces. Males reach sexual maturity between 2-4 years of age, whereas females mature between 4-6 years. In the wild, chub can live up to 22 years, and their age can be determined by counting the growth rings on their scales.

Recent research has indicated that chub ingest microplastic particles and can be contaminated by metal pollutants. Despite these challenges, they remain a favorite among anglers because they are willing feeders. To catch chub, anglers use a variety of baits and techniques. Larger chub are more cautious, so patience and stealth are essential. Popular fishing methods include feeder/ledger fishing, float fishing, lure fishing, and fly-fishing.