African wild ass

The African wild donkey, also known as the African wild ass, is a captivating member of the horse family that roams the deserts and arid regions of the Horn of Africa, particularly in Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia. This species is believed to be the wild ancestor of the domestic donkey, but its population has sadly dwindled to around 570 individuals in the wild.

Physically, these donkeys are about 2 meters long and stand between 1.25 to 1.45 meters tall at the shoulders, weighing between 230 and 275 kilograms. Their coats range from light grey to fawn, fading to white on the undersides and legs. There are two subspecies: the Nubian wild ass and the Somali wild ass, each possessing unique characteristics.

From an evolutionary perspective, the genus Equus, which includes all modern equines, is thought to have evolved from Dinohippus. Studies suggest that the most recent common ancestor of all modern equids lived around 5.6 million years ago.

Taxonomically, there is some debate among scientists about whether the African wild ass and the domestic donkey should be considered one species or two. If considered one, the correct scientific name for the domestic donkey is Equus africanus asinus.

These wild donkeys are incredibly well-adapted to their harsh desert environments. They have efficient digestive systems that help them survive on minimal water, and they employ distinct behaviors such as loud vocalizations for communication. Interestingly, they tend to investigate potential threats rather than immediately fleeing.

Unfortunately, the African wild ass is critically endangered. Their numbers are threatened by habitat loss, interbreeding with domestic donkeys, hunting, and competition with livestock. Although there are legal protections in place, enforcing them is a challenge. Conservation efforts include captive breeding programs in zoos, with about 150 Somali wild asses currently in captivity around the world.