Nilgiri tahr

The Nilgiri tahr is a distinctive ungulate species endemic to the Nilgiri Hills and the Western and Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India. Despite its local name, this animal is more closely related to sheep than to ibex or wild goats. Interestingly, it is the state animal of Tamil Nadu. In Tamil, it is called "varaiyaadu" meaning "precipice goat" a name that emphasizes its mountainous habitat. The scientific name, Nilgiritragus, combines "Neelagiri" (which means blue hills in Tamil) and "trágos" (goat in Greek).

In terms of classification, the Nilgiri tahr is more related to sheep (genus Ovis) than to other types of tahrs. Scientists reclassified it under the genus Nilgiritragus due to genetic similarities with sheep. These animals are stocky with short fur and curved horns. Males are generally larger and darker than females, with horns that can grow up to 40 cm long. They thrive in the montane grasslands of the South Western Ghats, particularly in areas like Eravikulam National Park.

In the early 20th century, hunting and poaching drastically reduced their numbers to around 100 individuals. However, thanks to effective conservation efforts, their population has rebounded to an estimated 3,122 individuals in the Western Ghats. Eravikulam National Park is home to the largest population, with other significant populations found in the Nilgiri Hills, Anamalai Hills, and Periyar National Park. Smaller groups also inhabit regions like the Kanyakumari and Trivandrum districts. Ongoing conservation work aims to ensure the continued protection and survival of this remarkable species.