Bengal tiger

The Bengal tiger, scientifically known as *Panthera tigris tigris*, is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. Regrettably, these majestic creatures face significant threats such as poaching, habitat loss, and fragmentation. In 2011, their population was estimated to be fewer than 2,500 individuals. However, thanks to dedicated conservation efforts, the tiger population in India increased to between 2,603 and 3,346 individuals by 2018. Besides India, countries such as Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan also have notable Bengal tiger populations.

From a scientific perspective, Bengal tigers fall under the *Panthera tigris tigris* subspecies. Genetic studies have demonstrated clear distinctions between Bengal tigers and their Siberian counterparts. Recognized as one of the largest wild cats, the Bengal tiger is a member of the charismatic megafauna and is the national animal of both India and Bangladesh.

Bengal tigers are easily identifiable by their striking yellow to light orange coats adorned with dark brown to black stripes, complemented by white bellies, limbs, and a tail with black rings. Males typically weigh between 180 to 258 kg, while females weigh between 100 to 160 kg. Their canines, the longest among all cat species, are particularly notable.

These tigers inhabit a variety of ecosystems across the Indian subcontinent, including tropical forests, mangroves, upland forests, and grasslands. Initiatives like India's Project Tiger have significantly contributed to protecting tiger habitats and bolstering their numbers. Despite these efforts, ongoing issues such as poaching, habitat destruction, and human-tiger conflicts continue to pose serious challenges.

To combat these threats, various conservation measures have been implemented, including anti-poaching initiatives, habitat protection, and community-based conservation programs. Organizations like the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) have launched campaigns to raise awareness and garner support for tiger conservation. Additionally, captive breeding programs and rewilding projects aim to boost tiger populations and facilitate their reintroduction into the wild.