Red-naped ibis

The red-naped ibis, also known as the Indian black ibis or simply the black ibis, is a captivating bird species native to the plains of the Indian Subcontinent. Unlike many other ibises, it does not heavily depend on water and can often be found in dry fields far from water sources. These birds typically congregate in loose groups and are easily recognizable due to their dark bodies, white shoulder patches, and distinctive red, warty patches on their crowns and napes.

During the breeding season, red-naped ibises are notably vocal, emitting loud calls. They build their nests at the tops of large trees or palms. These birds are large and black with long legs and a downcurved bill. Both males and females appear similar, though younger birds are browner and lack the bare head and crown. During breeding, their bills and legs turn a reddish hue.

Red-naped ibises are omnivorous, consuming a variety of foods including carrion, insects, frogs, small vertebrates, and grains. They forage in dry open lands, stubbly fields, and sometimes near water, probing the ground for food.

These ibises prefer to roost together in trees or on islands and often fly in a "V" formation. They nest either alone or in small colonies, with the breeding season typically spanning from March to October. Their nests are large platforms made of sticks, placed high in trees, and loosely lined with straw. The eggs are pale bluish-green with pale reddish blotches. Both parents take turns incubating the eggs, which hatch after about 33 days. The species is also host to specific parasites, such as nematodes and bird lice.

Widely distributed across the Indian Subcontinent, red-naped ibises thrive in habitats such as lakes, marshes, riverbeds, and irrigated farmlands. They are particularly common in regions like Haryana, Punjab, and the Gangetic plain. While the species is generally secure in the wild, its population in Pakistan has declined due to hunting and habitat loss. In India, they are traditionally tolerated by farmers. Some zoos have even successfully bred these ibises in captivity, helping to ensure their continued survival.