Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah, Agra

Nestled on the eastern banks of the Yamuna River in Agra, India, lies the exquisite Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah, often regarded as a draft of the Taj Mahal due to its architectural resemblance. This 17th-century mausoleum, also affectionately known as the "Baby Taj," is a hidden gem that showcases the transition from the first phase of Mughal architecture to the era of monumental marble structures.

Constructed between 1622 and 1628, the Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah was commissioned by Nur Jahan, the wife of Mughal Emperor Jahangir, for her father, Mirza Ghiyas Beg, who was given the title of I'timād-ud-Daulah, meaning the pillar of the state. The mausoleum marks a significant departure from the sandstone buildings of the time, as it is one of the first Mughal structures to be built entirely from white marble and to make extensive use of pietra dura, the inlay technique later perfected in the Taj Mahal.

The complex is entered through an elaborate garden, laid out in the classic charbagh style, which divides the gardens into four equal quadrants. This Persian-style layout symbolizes the gardens of paradise and adds to the serenity of the site. The central walkways, with water channels and fountains, lead to the mausoleum, enhancing the beauty of the approach.

The main tomb, set on a raised platform, is a study in symmetry, with delicate carvings, lattice screens, and intricate inlay work featuring semi-precious stones. The interiors are equally impressive, with the high dome allowing natural light to illuminate the detailed work within. The cenotaphs of I'timād-ud-Daulah and his wife are placed in the center of the inner chamber, surrounded by the fine marble jali screens that filter the light and cast gentle patterns inside.

The Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah is not just a significant historical monument but also an architectural marvel that predates and possibly inspired the design of the Taj Mahal. It attracts tourists who are keen to see the evolution of Mughal architecture and to enjoy a moment of peace away from the more crowded sites.