Common starling

The common starling, also known as the European starling, is a medium-sized bird characterized by its glossy black feathers speckled with white spots. Native to temperate Europe and the Palearctic regions, these birds have expanded their range to countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the U.S., Mexico, Argentina, South Africa, and Fiji. Renowned for their loud vocalizations and ability to mimic sounds, starlings have captivated humans since ancient times.

There are approximately 12 different subspecies of common starlings. They are not fussy eaters, consuming a wide variety of food from insects to seeds and fruits. While they help manage insect populations, they can also pose problems for farmers by feeding on crops. Starlings build untidy nests and lay pale blue eggs. They are particularly social, often forming large flocks, especially during autumn and winter.

Unfortunately, a decline in grassland insects in parts of Europe has led to a decrease in starling populations in some areas. Globally, however, their numbers remain robust, with an estimated population exceeding 310 million. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists them as a species of "Least Concern." In regions where they have been introduced, starlings are sometimes considered pests, and efforts to control their numbers have met with varying success.

Starlings significantly impact local ecosystems and agriculture in the areas they have invaded. They are famous for their mimicry skills, a trait well-documented in both literature and scientific studies. They have even been kept as pets and used in laboratory research. While they play a beneficial role by consuming pests, they can also cause damage to crops and create nuisances with their large roosts.

Efforts to manage starling populations include hunting, culling, and non-lethal methods. Legislation and conservation strategies vary by region, and some areas have observed notable declines in starling numbers. Starlings also hold a special place in culture, frequently appearing in literature, music, and folklore.