Lebanese Independence Day

Lebanese Independence Day, celebrated on November 22, commemorates the end of the French Mandate over Lebanon in 1943, concluding 23 years of foreign domination. The quest for independence has deep historical roots, tracing back to the late 16th century with Fakhr-al-Din II, who unified Mount Lebanon's major sects.

Throughout the years, the Ottoman Empire and European powers heavily influenced Lebanon's political landscape. This led to the creation of an autonomous Mount Lebanon province and, later in 1920, the establishment of Greater Lebanon under French mandate.

World War I and the subsequent collapse of the Ottoman Empire further spurred Lebanese aspirations for independence. In 1940, when the Vichy government assumed control of Lebanon, a series of events set the stage for the country's quest for freedom. General Charles de Gaulle's visit to Lebanon in 1941, coupled with growing international pressure, eventually led to Lebanon's unilateral declaration of independence in 1943. This pivotal moment was symbolized by the imprisonment and subsequent release of Lebanese leaders.

During the imprisonment of these leaders, the Government of Bechamoun was formed. This group played a crucial role in the independence struggle, refusing to negotiate with the French and establishing a military resistance. Their efforts led to the eventual release of the imprisoned leaders and paved the way for Lebanon's independence celebrations.

In the post-independence period, modern Lebanese politics began to take shape, guided by the National Pact. This agreement outlined principles of independence, balanced relations with both Arab and Western countries, cooperation with Arab states, and power-sharing among Lebanon's diverse religious groups.

In 1945, Lebanon joined the Arab League and the United Nations, and by 1946, French troops had withdrawn. The journey to independence and the establishment of a unique political system characterized by religious diversity and power-sharing reflect Lebanon's rich history and ongoing efforts to maintain stability and unity.