Common Spadefoot

Pelobates fuscus, commonly known as the common spadefoot, garlic toad, or European common spadefoot, is a remarkable toad species found across Central Europe and Western Asia. Males typically reach about 6.5 centimeters in length, while females can grow up to 8 centimeters. Their skin color varies, often appearing light-grey to beige-brown on top with darker spots, and their bellies are usually white with grey mottling. Interestingly, albino individuals have also been observed.

Historically, scientists identified two subspecies: Pelobates fuscus fuscus in Central Europe and Pelobates fuscus insubricus in Northern Italy. However, recent research indicates there are no significant physical or behavioral differences to support the subspecies distinction. Some populations from Eastern Europe are noticeably different and may even be classified as a separate species, Pelobates vespertinus.

When threatened, the common spadefoot toad emits a loud alarm call and can release a noxious secretion resembling the smell of garlic, which is why it is also referred to as the garlic toad. These toads can be found in regions including Posavina in Bosnia and Herzegovina and along the Mura, Drava, and Sava rivers in Croatia.