Domestic rabbit

Rabbits, often referred to as bunnies, house rabbits, or pet rabbits, are a domesticated subspecies of the European rabbit. These charming and affectionate creatures have been cherished as pets in Western countries since the 19th century. Male rabbits are known as bucks, females as does, and their young are called kits or kittens.

The history of rabbits as companions dates back to the Romans, who first utilized them as a food source. During the Middle Ages, wild rabbits were kept for hunting purposes. The domestication process was gradual, spanning many centuries.

In the 19th century, rabbit exhibitions became popular, leading to the development of various breeds for show purposes. The American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA), founded in 1910, now oversees rabbit breeding and shows. Apart from being beloved pets, rabbits are also used in laboratory work for antibody production and medical research. In fact, they are the third most popular mammalian pet in Britain.

Rabbit genetics captivate breeders, researchers, and the meat industry alike. The rabbit genome has been sequenced, revealing specific genes that determine coat color and pattern. As herbivores, rabbits require a diet rich in hay, pellets, and fresh vegetables. Their unique digestive system, including an enlarged cecum, allows them to be efficient hindgut fermenters.

However, rabbits are susceptible to several health issues, such as gastrointestinal (GI) stasis, dental problems, respiratory infections, and viral diseases like myxomatosis and rabbit hemorrhagic disease. Ensuring their well-being necessitates spaying/neutering, vaccinations, and regular veterinary check-ups. They can also suffer from sore hocks, wry neck, and flystrike.

When kept as pets, rabbits can be litter box trained and live indoors, provided their space is rabbit-proofed and they are handled properly. Due to their delicate nature, they are not ideal pets for small children. Despite this, rabbits are social animals that can form strong bonds with humans. They are clean and intelligent but can also exhibit signs of aggression if not properly socialized.

Historically, rabbits have been raised for meat, wool, and fur since ancient times. They are also extensively used in scientific research, with the New Zealand White being a common breed for testing. Additionally, rabbit show jumping is a popular sport in Europe, showcasing their athletic prowess.