Mule deer

The mule deer is a captivating species native to western North America, easily identifiable by its large, mule-like ears. Unlike the white-tailed deer, mule deer predominantly inhabit the western Great Plains, Rocky Mountains, southwestern United States, and the West Coast. Interestingly, they are also found in parts of Argentina and on the island of Kauai in Hawaii.

One key distinction between mule deer and white-tailed deer is their size; mule deer are generally larger. They also possess characteristic features such as larger ears, different tail coloration, and uniquely shaped antlers. The antlers of mule deer are bifurcated, meaning they split into two branches as they grow, giving them a distinctive appearance.

During the breeding season, known as the "rut" male mule deer become quite aggressive as they compete for mates. Female mule deer, or does, may mate with multiple males. Fawns, or young deer, are typically born in the spring, though only about half of them survive past infancy.

Mule deer are herbivores with a diverse diet that varies with the seasons, region, and elevation. They consume a wide variety of plants and occasionally feed on agricultural crops. As ruminants, they ferment their food in a specialized stomach before digesting it, and their nutritional needs and fat reserves fluctuate throughout the year.

Taxonomically, mule deer are divided into two main groups: the mule deer group and the black-tailed deer group. Although these groups were once considered separate species, they are now classified as the same species due to hybridization. Several recognized subspecies of mule deer exist, each adapted to its specific geographic area.

Mule deer face predation from animals such as coyotes, wolves, and cougars. During harsh winters, humans sometimes assist them by providing additional food.