Eurasian wryneck

The Eurasian wryneck, also known as the northern wryneck, is a captivating bird from the woodpecker family. These birds breed in the temperate regions of Europe and Asia and are primarily migratory. They spend their winters in tropical Africa and southern Asia, although some populations remain year-round in northwestern Africa. You can find them in open countryside, woodlands, and orchards, where they primarily feed on ants and other insects. One of their most intriguing traits is their ability to twist their heads almost 180 degrees, a behavior they use to ward off threats.

This bird was first scientifically classified by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Its name derives from its distinctive head-twisting behavior. The Eurasian wryneck belongs to the woodpecker family (Picidae) and the subfamily Jynginae, which also includes the red-throated wryneck. There are six subspecies of the Eurasian wryneck, each with slight variations in appearance.

In terms of appearance, Eurasian wrynecks are about 16.5 cm long. Their upperparts are barred and mottled, while their underparts are cream-colored. They have a unique call composed of repeated harsh notes. When threatened, they exhibit interesting behaviors such as mutual displays and even feigning death.

Eurasian wrynecks breed across Europe and Asia, with migratory populations traveling to Africa and southern Asia for the winter. They thrive in open countryside, parklands, gardens, and orchards. These birds establish territories and mainly eat ants, although they also consume other insects.

When it comes to breeding, Eurasian wrynecks use tree holes or nesting boxes. Both parents take turns incubating the eggs and feeding the chicks. Thanks to their large population and wide range, the IUCN lists them as "Least Concern" although some local populations are declining.

Conservation efforts include various wildlife protection acts in different countries and measures like installing nest boxes to support the species. Despite challenges from modern farming practices, the Eurasian wryneck continues to thrive in many areas.