Carnival in Germany, Switzerland and Austria

Carnival celebrations in German-speaking countries such as Germany, Switzerland, and Austria are replete with vibrant customs and traditions. These festivities, occurring before Lent, are known by different names depending on the region. In parts of East and South Germany and Austria, it is called Fasching. In areas like Franconia and Baden-Württemberg, it is known as Fas(t)nacht, Fassenacht, or Fasnet. In Switzerland, it is referred to as Fasnacht.

The Carnival season, often referred to as the "Fifth Season" commences on November 11th at 11:11 a.m. and concludes on Ash Wednesday the following year. The main celebrations, however, peak around Rosenmontag (Rose Monday). While some festivities start as early as January, the true Carnival week begins on Fat Thursday (Weiberfastnacht) before Ash Wednesday in Germany.

There are two primary types of Carnivals in German-speaking countries: the Rhenish Carnival in western Germany, centered around cities like Cologne, Mainz, and Düsseldorf, and the Alemannic or Swabian-Alemannic Fastnacht in regions like Swabia, Switzerland, Alsace, and Vorarlberg. The Rhenish Carnival is renowned for its parades and costume balls, with the Cologne Carnival being the largest and most famous. This tradition began in the 19th century as a means for people to express anti-Prussian and anti-French sentiments through satire and parody.

The Alemannic Fastnacht, which translates to the eve of Lent, is celebrated in regions like Baden-Württemberg, parts of Bavaria, Alsace, German-speaking Switzerland, and Austrian Vorarlberg. It starts on the Thursday before Ash Wednesday, known as Schmutziger Donnerstag or Fettdonnerstag, and continues with events like Shrove Monday, concluding on Fat Tuesday. The term Fasnacht denotes the period leading up to the fasting season of Lent.

Carnival season in German-speaking countries is filled with events such as parades, dances, comedy shows, and costume parties. Each region boasts its unique traditions, with the Rhenish Carnival particularly noted for its elaborate celebrations. The festive spirit takes a brief pause during Advent and Christmas but resumes with full vigor in the New Year. Rose Monday is a highlight of the Carnival period, characterized by grand parades and festivities in cities like Cologne, Düsseldorf, and Mainz. These celebrations blend historical traditions, cultural influences, and regional customs, making Carnival in German-speaking countries a diverse and vibrant experience.