Chinese people in Myanmar

Burmese Chinese, also known as Sino-Burmese or Tayoke, are individuals of Chinese descent who were either born or raised in Myanmar. Officially, they constitute about three percent of the population; however, the actual number is likely higher due to mixed backgrounds, historical migrations, and underreporting. This community is well-established within Myanmar's middle class and plays a vital role in the country's business sector and economy. Additionally, they are active in various social and political spheres.

The term "Tayoke" to describe Han Chinese dates back to the 19th century. Burmese Chinese hail from diverse backgrounds, with roots in Chinese provinces such as Fujian, Guangdong, and Yunnan. Within the community, there are several subgroups, including Hokkien, Cantonese, Hakka, Yunnanese, Panthay, and Sino-Burmese. Education is highly esteemed among Burmese Chinese, and they are well-represented among Myanmar's advanced degree holders.

In terms of trade and industry, Chinese entrepreneurs dominate Myanmar's commerce at all levels. They have a significant economic influence, particularly in the retail, wholesale, and shipping sectors. Mandalay has evolved into a central hub for Burmese Chinese business activities, with many immigrants from Yunnan province contributing to economic growth.

Culturally, the Burmese Chinese possess a rich heritage influenced by Chinese traditions. Most practice Theravada Buddhism, often blending it with Mahayana Buddhist and Taoist beliefs. The community has preserved the Chinese language and cuisine, with notable influences from Fujian, Guangdong, and Yunnan.

Historically, the Burmese Chinese have faced challenges, including discriminatory policies and anti-Chinese sentiments. After Myanmar gained independence, restrictive measures against the Chinese led to an exodus of many Burmese Chinese. Nevertheless, in recent years, there has been a resurgence of Burmese Chinese businesses, reaffirming their economic influence within the country.

The Burmese Chinese community is dispersed throughout Myanmar, with significant populations in major cities like Yangon and Mandalay. Additionally, there are sizeable Burmese Chinese communities in other countries, including Taiwan, Macau, Hong Kong, Singapore, the United States, and Australia.